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Pandemic/Avian Flu Information
The Avian H5N1 virus is a strain with pandemic potential, since
it might ultimately adapt into a strain that is contagious among humans. Once this adaptation happens, it will no longer
be a bird virus - - it will be a human flu virus.
How does avian (bird) flu spread?
Bird flu is spread by infected birds that shed flu virus in their
saliva, nasal secretions, and feces. Susceptible birds become infected when they have contact with contaminated excretions
or surfaces that are contaminated with excretions.
How do people become infected with the avian flu virus?
The main route of human infection is through direct contact with
infected poultry, or surfaces and objects contaminated by the poultry's feces. To date, most human cases have occurred
in rural areas where many households keep small poultry flocks, which often roam freely, sometimes entering homes or sharing
outdoor areas where children play.
What are the symptoms of avian flu in humans?
The reported symptoms of avian flu in humans have ranged from
typical flu-like symptoms (e.g., fever, cough, sore throat, and muscle aches) to eye infections (conjunctivitis), pneumonia,
acute respiratory distress, viral pneumonia, and other severe and life-threatening complications.
Is there a vaccine to protect humans from the avian flu?
Currently there is not a commercial vaccine available to protect humans
against the avian flu that is being seen in Asia and Europe. However, vaccine development efforts are taking place. The
federal National Institutes of Health (NIH) is heading up research studies to test a vaccine to protect humans against
avian flu. Studies began in April 2005, and a series of clinical trials is underway.
What is pandemic influenza (flu)?
A flu pandemic is a global outbreak of disease that occurs when
a new influenza 'A' virus appears or "emerges" in the human population, causes serious illness, and then spreads easily
from person to person worldwide.
Is pandemic flu different than the annual flu outbreaks (epidemics)?
Yes. Pandemic flu is different from seasonal outbreaks or "epidemics"
of flu. Seasonal outbreaks are caused by subtypes of flu viruses that already circulate among people, whereas pandemic outbreaks
are caused by new subtypes or subtypes that have not circulated for a long time.
When is pandemic flu 'A' expected?
Flu pandemics occur naturally. There were three pandemics in the
20th century. Past flu pandemics have led to high levels of illness, death, social disruption, and economic loss. It is
not possible to predict accurately when influenza pandemics will occur or how severe they will be. However, flu experts
are concerned that a pandemic is developing that may be severe.
What is avian influenza (bird flu)?
Bird flu is an infection caused by avian (bird) influenza (flu)
viruses. These flu viruses occur naturally among birds. Wild birds worldwide carry the viruses in their intestines, but
usually do not get sick from them. However, bird flu is very contagious among birds and can make some domesticated birds,
including chickens, ducks, and turkeys, very sick and kill them. The Influenza A (H5N1) virus is also referred to as
the "H5N1 virus." The term 'avian flu virus' and the 'H5N1' virus are one in the same. Media reports use these terms interchangeably.
Is it possible for the avian flu to become a pandemic flu?
Yes, it is possible for the avian flu virus to become a pandemic
- a worldwide flu outbreak.
Is the Harvey County Health Department prepared to respond to
Avian flu?
The Health Department is working with government officials, healthcare
facilities and practitioners, first responders, schools, businesses and churches in Harvey County to prepare for a possible flu
pandemic. The Health Department is also involved in regional and state planning regarding pandemic flu.
What are the symptoms of avian flu?
The avian flu does not usually infect humans, but you may experience
classic flu symptoms which include:
- fever (usually high)
- headache
- extreme tiredness
- dry cough
- sore throat runny or stuffy nose
- muscle aches
- Stomach symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, also can
occur but are more common in children than adults
What should I do if I have these symptoms?
See your doctor immediately or seek medical treatment if you develop
flu symptoms, including a fever, cough and body aches, AND have recently traveled to a part of the world where bird flu
occurs (Southeast Asia and Europe). Be sure to let your doctor know when and where you were traveling and whether you visited
any farms or open-air markets. Visit the CDC Traveler's Health webpage for travel health information and what to know before
you go: http://www.cdc.gov/travel/.
What is the risk to the U.S. from the avian flu outbreak in Asia
and Europe?
The current risk to Americans from the avian flu outbreak in Asia
is low. The strain of avian flu found in Asia and Europe has not been found in the U.S. and there have been no human cases
of avian flu in the U.S. It is possible that travelers returning from affected countries in Asia could be infected if they
were exposed to the virus.
What can I do now to reduce the risk of illness?
By practicing good hygiene habits, you can help stop germs from
spreading.
- Cover your mouth and nose with tissue when coughing and sneezing
- Wash your hands often
- Stay home when you are sick
Do all you can to improve your health.
The healthier you are, the more resistant your body is to disease.
It's a better time than ever to quit smoking, improve your eating habits, exercise regularly, and get regular medical
checkups and recommended immunizations.
For more information:
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